The LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS

The Language of flowers (Thai)

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The LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS (ENG)


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The Devil and the Pathology of History

Copyright : by Aaron Ross

(บทความนี้ คัดลอกส่วนหนึ่งมาจากเว็บไซต์ ต้นฉบับ ถ้าท่านต้องการอ่านแบบละเอียดกรุณาคลิก link ด้านล่างค่ะ)

Throughout history, humanity has been faced with the problem of evil. The manifest presence of suffering in the lives of all is a fact which cannot be ignored nor denied. As the search for meaning in existence inevitably develops, explanatory systems emerge to cope with fundamental existential questions. Among the most pressing of these is the question of evil.

Whence comes evil, and what is its purpose, if any? Is it a necessary precondition of the cosmos, or merely an undesirable by-product of an imperfect creation? Is what we call "evil" a subjective perception in a morally neutral universe, or could it be an absolute principle existing independent of human judgment? Perhaps closest to home, how is evil to be dealt with by society and by the individual?

ne response to these conundrums is the postulation of the existence of a being or beings who create and/or personify evil. While the figure of the Christian Devil, Satan, most clearly exemplifies the anthropomorphic concept of evil, there are numerous examples of gods or spirits from widely divergent cultures who share some of his most prominent characteristics. This shows that the concept of "the Devil" far from being a phenomenon with origins specific to Christianity, can be found in various forms throughout history, regardless of time and place. The Judeo-Christian-Muslim "Satan" is simply a crystallization of these forms into a single being who is considered the source of all iniquity.

The subject of the Devil may be approached in many different ways, among them historical, theological, and psychological. It is my intention to examine the topic as a manifestation of the psyche, both individual and collective. This approach seeks to provide a psychological interpretation of the social phenomenon of "the Devil" in its most familiar forms. The study is based on historical information regarding the mythology of the Devil, theological speculations which contributed to or were derived from that mythology, and psychological investigations of the past century relevant to the illumination of the meaning of the phenomenon.

However, all metaphysical considerations regarding the objective existence of Satan as traditionally defined must fall outside the scope of this particular investigation. Such knowledge is not currently in my possession; therefore I do not feel personally qualified to take a stand. Yet I must emphasize that "the Devil" is a problem which must be dealt with, inasmuch as it has an impact on society. Ideas are as "real" as material objects; they participate in the scheme of things just as surely as do matter and energy.

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